DATASHEET
POWDERRANGE® X
Applicable specifications: AMS7008
Associated specifications: UNS N06002, AMS5536, AMS5754, AMS5798, ASTM B572
Type analysis
Single figures are nominal except where noted.
| Nickel | Balance |
| Molybdenum | 8.0–10.0 % |
| Aluminum | 0.50 % |
| Silicon | 0.20 % |
| Oxygen | 0.10 % |
| Sulfur | 0.030 % |
| Chromium | 20.5–23.0 % |
| Cobalt | 1.00–2.50% |
| Copper | 0.50 % |
| Titanium | 0.150 % |
| Phosphorus | 0.040 % |
| Boron | 0.010 % |
| Iron | 17.0–20.0 % |
| Tungsten | 0.20–1.00 % |
| Manganese | 0.50 % |
| Carbon | 0.10 % |
| Nitrogen | 0.030 % |
| Hydrogen | 0.005 % |
Description
PowderRange® X is a solid solution strengthened nickelchromium- iron base superalloy. It is not considered precipitation hardenable and achieves optimum material properties through solution treatments. It possesses high strength at room and elevated temperatures, and exceptional oxidation and stress corrosion cracking resistance. PowderRange® X displays significantly reduced crack susceptibility compared to the nominal alloy X composition. Its low carbon content and additional solid solution strengthening maximizes its compatibility with laser additive manufacturing processing. Although solution treatment is required for optimum high temperature performance, as-processed PowderRange® X displays mechanical properties equivalent to wrought material at both room and elevated temperatures.
Powder properties
| Part Number | PowderRange® X |
| Application | L-PBF1 |
| Maximum Particle Size | Max 1 wt% > 53 µm2 |
| Minimum Particle Size | Max 10 vol% < 15 µm3 |
| LSD Percentile | D10, D50, D903, reported |
| Atomization | Vacuum Induction Melted, Argon Gas Atomized |
| Apparent Density (G/CM3) | Measured according to ASTM B2124 and reported |
| Hall Flow (S/50G) | Measured according to ASTM B2135 and reported |
1ASTM/ISO 52900: Laser—Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), Electron-Beam Powder Bed Fusion (EB-PBF), Directed Energy Deposition (DED)
2ASTM B214 Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis for Metal Powders
3 ASTM B822 Standard Test Method for Particle Size Distribution of Metal Powders and Related Compounds by Light Scattering
4 ASTM B212 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
5 ASTM B213 Standard Test Method for Flow Rate of Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
Testing of powder will fulfill certification requirements to Nadcap Materials Testing and ISO/IEC 17025 Chemical, per relevant ASTM procedures
FIGURE 1—SEM IMAGE OF TYPICAL PowderRange X POWDER
Additive manufacturing process guidance
ASTM/ISO 52900: LASER-POWDER BED FUSION (L-PBF)
Laser-Powder Bed Fusion(L-PBF) As-built
PowderRange X is compatible with all commercially available L-PBF equipment.
To achieve mean, as-built density >99.9%, 30 μm layer thicknesses and Specific Energy ≥ 59 J/mm3 is recommended.
Solution Anneal and Age (Sol/Age)
Solution Anneal at 2150°F (1177°C) for 1 hour. To provide an adequate quench after solution treating, it is necessary to cool below 1000°F (540°C) rapidly enough to prevent precipitation in the intermediate temperature range. For thin geometries, rapid air cooling suffices. For heavier sections not subject to cracking, oil or water quenching is frequently required.
While generally not necessary to age, an aging treatment can be applied at 1400°F (760°C); hold 3 hours; air cool; reheat to 1100°F (595°C); hold 3 hours; cool in air.
Schedules tailored better to the AM process thermal history may be available. Please contact Carpenter Technology for information.
Hot IsostaticPressed condition (HIP/Sol/Age)
We recommend HIP as standard practice for microstructure homogenization; removal of residual spatter-induced voids, trapped gas porosity in powder and keyhole porosities; as well as to heal any shrinkage-induced micro-cracks in the material.
To achieve up to full density (100%): Process components under inert atmosphere at not less than 14.5ksi (100 MPa) at approximately 2300°F (1260°C); hold at the selected temperature for approximately 240 minutes or more.
Follow with Solution and Age treatment as described above.
Machinability
To machine PowderRange X, we recommend using single-point tungsten carbide tools.
Increasing the speed and decreasing the feed results in better finishes. Excessive speeds are not recommended because the tools will break down.
A sulfur-base cutting fluid should be used. Ample coolant is suggested. Removal of cutting fluid is necessary before heat treating because the sulfur will offset the surface of the part. A rigid work piece and a rigid tool are necessary for optimum machinability.
Solution Annealand Age Condition (Hom/Sol/H900)
Sections under 3in. (76mm) can be quenched in a suitable liquid quenchant (e.g. water or oil) and sections over 3in. (76mm) should be rapidly air cooled. It is recommended not use this Solution Annealed condition, without age hardening, for the final product due to susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking.
After Solution Anneal, age material as desired per ASTM A564/A564M, e.g. 900°F (482°C) for 1 hour and air cool.
Machinability
When using carbide tools, surface speed feet/minute (SFPM) can be increased between 2 and 3 times over the high-speed suggestions. Feeds can be increased between 50 and 100%.
TYPICAL MICROSTRUCTURES
CONDITION
TRANSVERSE (X-Y PLANE)
LONGITUDINAL (Y-Z PLANE)
NOTES
As-built
Mean densities greater than 99.9%
HIP/Sol
Mean densities up to 100%
As-built, etched6
Clean weld tracks visible
Minimal spatter porosity
Sol/Age, etched6
Recrystallized equiaxed grain structure minimizes anisotropy Grain size: ASTM 4.0-5.57
HIP/Sol/ H900, etched6
Recrystallized equiaxed grain structure minimizes anisotropy Grain size: ASTM 4.0-4.57
6 Etched with oxalic+HCl
7 ASTM E112-13 Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain Size
Typical achievable mechanical properties
8 Average of a minimum of 5 samples taken from across the extents of a build plate in each orientation and for each heat treatment. Testing performed in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M-16a (tensile), ASTM E23-18 (impact energy) and ASTM E18-19 (hardness). Additional data may be available through a wide range of consortia and other collaborations. Please contact Carpenter Additive for additional information.
9 ASTM B572-06 (2016) Mechanical Property Requirements for N06002
10 Carpenter Technology Alloy 680 alloy bar and plate typical values
Corrosion resistance
IMPORTANT NOTE: The following 4-level rating scale (Excellent, Good, Moderate, Restricted) is intended for comparative purposes only and is derived from experiences with wrought product. Additive manufactured material may perform differently; corrosion testing is recommended. Factors that affect corrosion resistance include temperature, concentration, pH, impurities, aeration, velocity, crevices, deposits, metallurgical condition, stress, surface finish, and dissimilar metal contact.
| Nitric Acid | Good |
| Phosphoric Acid | Good |
| Sodium Hydroxide | Good |
| Sea Water | Excellent |
| Humidity | Excellent |
| Sulfuric Acid | Good |
| Acetic Acid | Excellent |
| Salt Spray (NaCl) | Excellent |
| Sour Oil/Gas | Good |
Similar materials
| Company |
| Other Generic Names |
| 3D Systems |
| GE (Concept Laser) |
| EOS |
| DMG Mori (Realizer) |
| Renishaw |
| SLM Solutions |
| Alternative Title |
| Hast X, Alloy X |
| – |
| – |
| NickelAlloy H |
| – |
| – |
| HX |
For additional information, please
contact your nearest sales office:
The mechanical and physical properties of any additively-manufactured
material are strongly dependent on the processing conditions used to
produce the final part. Significantly differing properties can be obtained by
utilizing different equipment, different process parameters, different build
rates and different geometries. The properties listed are intended as a
guide only and should not be used as design data.
The information and data presented herein are typical or average values
and are not a guarantee of maximum or minimum values. Applications
specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the
purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation
and are not intended as warranties, either express or implied, of fitness for
these or other purposes. There is no representation that the recipient of
this literature will receive updated editions as they become available.
Unless otherwise specified, registered trademarks are property of
CRS Holdings Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation.